Acknowledgements

The making of this report was led by Future Earth, The Earth League and the World Climate Research Programme. 

We acknowledge the work of the following individuals in their respective capacities:


EDITORIAL BOARD

Ana Bastos – Leipzig University, Germany
Wendy Broadgate – Future Earth Secretariat, Sweden
Mercedes Bustamante – University of Brasilia, Brazil
Deliang Chen – Tsinghua University, China
Peter Cox – University of Exeter, United Kingdom
Kristie L. Ebi – University of Washington, United States
Pierre Friedlingstein – University of Exeter, United Kingdom
Sabine Fuss – Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany; Humboldt-University of Berlin, Germany
Nicolas Gruber – ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Marina Hirota – Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Sirkku Juhola – University of Helsinki, Finland
Fumiko Kasuga – Future Earth Secretariat, Japan
Şiir Kilkiș – Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK), Türkiye
Shih-Yu Lee – Academia Sinica, Taiwan
Åsa Persson – Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden; Linköping University, Sweden
Hans-Otto Pörtner – Alfred Wegner Institute, Germany
Johan Rockström – Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany; University of Potsdam, Germany
Regina R. Rodrigues – Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Roberto Sanchez-Rodriguez – El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Mexico
Peter Schlosser – Arizona State University, United States
Youba Sokona – African Climate Policy Centre, Mali
Thomas Stocker – University of Bern, Switzerland
Djiby Thiam – University of Cape Town, South Africa


EDITOR-COORDINATORS

Paula Mirazo – Arizona State University, United States
Daniel Ospina – Future Earth Secretariat, Sweden

CHAPTER AUTHORS

INSIGHT 1
Richard P. Allan – University of Reading, United Kingdom
Helge F. Goessling – Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Germany
Øivind Hodnebrog – CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Norway
Insight Coordinator
Maria A. Martin – Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany


INSIGHT 2
Yeonju Choi – Yonsei University, South Korea
Thomas L. Frölicher – University of Bern, Switzerland
Qinyou He – Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Christopher J. Merchant – University of Reading, United Kingdom
Kathryn E. Smith – Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom
Insight Coordinator
Sophie Hebden – Future Earth Secretariat, Sweden; European Space Agency, United Kingdom


INSIGHT 3
Gustaf Hugelius – Stockholm University, Sweden
Piyu Ke – Tsinghua University, China; University of Exeter, United Kingdom
Douglas I. Kelley – UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, United Kingdom
Justine Ramage – Stockholm University, Sweden
Sophie Ruehr – University of California Berkeley, United States
Anna-Maria Virkkala – Woodwell Climate Research Center, United States
Insight Coordinator
Lila Warszawski – Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany


INSIGHT 4
Luiz A. Domeignoz-Horta – French Institute for Agricultural Research, France
Guilherme G. Mazzochini – Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Akira S. Mori – The University of Tokyo, Japan
Estelle Razanatsoa – University of Cape Town, South Africa
Sarah R. Weiskopf – United States Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, United States
Insight Coordinator
Adrian Heilemann – Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany


INSIGHT 5
Nishan Bhattarai – University of Oklahoma, United States
Junguo Liu – North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, China
Hansjörg Seybold – ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria; Tsinghua University, China
Insight Coordinator
Smriti Basnett – Future Earth South Asia Hub, India; Divecha Centre for Climate Change, India; Sikkim Commission on Glacier Hazards, Department of Science and Technology, India


INSIGHT 6
Nadja Hedrich – University of Zurich, Switzerland
Sadie J. Ryan – University of Florida, United States
Jan C. Semenza – Umeå University, Sweden
Insight Coordinator
Giles B. Sioen – Sustainable Society Design Center, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Future Earth Secretariat, Japan


INSIGHT 7
Maximilian Kotz – Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Spain; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany
Vimal Mishra – Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, India
Jennifer Morris – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
Shupeng Zhu – Zhejiang University, China
Insight Coordinator
Aaron Redman – Arizona State University, United States


INSIGHT 8
William F. Lamb – Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany; University of Leeds, United Kingdom
Cara N. Maesano – Rocky Mountain Institute, United States
Carl-Friederich Schleussner – International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria
Drew T. Shindell – Duke University, United States
Insight Coordinator
Henry C. Wu – Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Germany


INSIGHT 9
Derik J. Broekhoff – Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden
Santiago Izquierdo-Tort – The University of British Columbia, Canada
Benedict S. Probst – Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Germany; ETH Zurich, Switzerland; University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Gregory P. Trencher – Kyoto University, Japan
Insight Coordinator
Nilushi Kumarasinghe – Future Earth Secretariat, Canada; Sustainability in the Digital Age, Canada


INSIGHT 10
William A. Scott – Simon Fraser University, Canada
Annika H. Stechemesser – Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Germany
Insight Coordinator
Sophie H.L. Su – Future Earth Secretariat, Taiwan

POLICY REVIEWERS
Roberta Boscolo – World Meteorological Organization, Switzerland
Alexandra Buylova – The Swedish Institute of International Affairs, Sweden
Jamie Cummings – Woodwell Climate Research Center, United States
Axel Eriksson – Youth Negotiators Academy, Germany; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden
Damon Matthews – Concordia University, Canada

Sunlight streaming through dramatic clouds in a blue sky.
1

Evidence, uncertainty, and questions around record warm years 2023/2024

Read more
Aerial view of green algae bloom surrounding a pier and lighthouse.
2

Accelerating sea surface warming and intensifying marine heatwaves

Read more
Burnt forest landscape with charred trees after a wildfire.
3

Global land carbon sink under strain

Read more
Leopard hidden among dense green leaves, looking toward the camera.
4

Climate change and biodiversity loss amplify each other’s impacts

Read more
5

Climate change is accelerating groundwater depletion

Read more
Close-up of a mosquito biting human skin.
6

Observed and projected climate-driven increase in dengue

Read more
Farm workers harvesting crops in a large strawberry field.
7

Climate change–related labour productivity and income loss

Read more
Industrial direct air capture facility with large metal fans under cloudy sky. Credit: Climeworks.
8

Safe scale-up of CO₂ removal is needed to tackle hard-to-abate emissions and climate risks

Read more
Aerial view of dense tropical rainforest with patches of mist.
9

Carbon credit markets – integrity challenges and emergent responses

Read more
Solar panels and wind turbines at sunset producing renewable energy.
10

Policy mixes outperform standalone measures in advancing emissions reductions

Read more
To top